【晁福林】從清華簡《程寤》篇看“文王授命甜心一包養網”問題

Keywords: Qinghua Sutra/”Cheng Xiao”/The King of Wen gave the mission

The publication of the Qinghua Sutra’s “Cheng Xiao” chapter has given people more understanding of the problem of “King of Wen”. The Zhou people came to call him “King Wen’s order”, which means that King Wen was given the great destiny of governing the whole country by heaven. In fact, the emergence and development of the statement “Wang Wang gave the order” has a process, and it is not like this. This is a discussion and put forward my humble opinions for reference.

1. “The decree of King Wen” originated from “Yu Rui’s Classic” or “The Dream of Big Si”

There are two sayings about the origin of “The Decree of King Wen”, one is the Pacific Yu Rui published in “Historical Records”; the other is the Interpretation of Big Si’s Dream published in “Yi Zhou Book”. Because Yu Rui was fair and King Wen gave the order, he believed in the past. Although there were people who did not believe it, it was confirmed that there were so many people who said this. The incident of Yu Rui’s conviction is seen in “Historical Records: Zhou Benqi”:

Xiboxian was virtuous, and all the marquis came to settle the peace. So the people of Yu and Rui were unable to defeat the enemy, just like Zhou. When entering the boundary, all the farmer will be able to keep the shore, and all the customs will be able to grow. People from Yu and Rui didn’t see Xibo, and they all felt sorry for each other.He said, “What I fight against and what the people of Zhou are so jealous, how can I go? I only take humiliation.” Then he continued and let them go. Zu Hou said, “Xiboli is the king who is given the order.” ③

This is the most complete statement of Sima’s “King Wen gives the order”. There are also people who mention this matter in “Shi Ji”, which is said in “Liu Jing Shu and Shu Sun Tongji” that “When King Wen is Xibo, he cut off the sect of Yu Rui, he was given the order.” According to Sima, Xibo first stopped Yu Rui’s scepticism with his noble moral integrity and Zhou Bang’s gift, and thus moved many “marquis” countries, and then he was given the national government to be well-deserved, calling him the “king of the king”. When Sima tells this matter, he can only follow the records of “People”. The first thing that Yu Rui accomplished was seen in the “Pengpu·�”, which says, “Yu Rui accomplished his character and King Wen was born (Yu Rui’s dispute was stopped because King Wen moved the nature of the monarchs of the two countries).” The “Mao Wen” is annotated with ordinary and simple poems, but in this sentence, he wrote:

The kings of Yu and Rui fought against each other and were not convinced for a long time, so he said to each other, “Xibo is a benevolent man, how can you go?” and he went to Zhou. When you enter the end (the realm), the farmer will bring you the shore and the walker will bring you the road. When entering the town, men and women are in a different way, and they are not allowed to carry them. When he entered the court, the scholars were appointed as officials and the servants were appointed as ministers. The kings of the two countries were moved and said to each other, “We gentlemen cannot stand in the court of righteous people.” So they asked each other to retreat by using the land they fought for as a field. More than 40 countries have been praised by the nation. ④

The Mao Zedong said that there is complete differences with “Zhou Benbian” and more detailed. The difference between “Zhou Benzhe” and Mao Zhi is that it complements the statement that King Wen was favored and recognized as the “king of the king”. Because of the slander of Yu Rui, he was appointed as the king. It can be said that it was a saying that the war between Qin and Han was widely practiced in the world. Contemporary scholars often trusted this statement⑤. Analyzing the poems and Mao Zedong’s words, there is no saying that King Wen gave him the order because of Yu Rui’s fairness. This is said to be added to Sima’s work.

“King Wen gave the order” to express the pride of Si’s dream, but there is no such thing as the 口用线口用线口用线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口线口One of the main reasons here is that “Yi Zhou Book” does not occupy a mainstream position in Confucian literature, so it did not cause enough attention from Sima to carry out the dream of Si’s “Historical Records”. Because of this reason, the reason why “Wang Wang gave the order” did not become a question of needing discussion, so the generationistThe source of the decree of King Yanwen is mostly based on the saying of Sima.

After analyzing it, we can find that Sima said there is a problem.

First, from Mao Zhi’s related statement, there was no such thing as “The Marquis said, ” “Xiboli gave him the king.” “, “This is the saying was attached to the Sima Journey. Sima believed that King Wen of Zhou was ordered to be a great man, so he added this content. He wrote the story of King Wu’s attack on the sacred man, compared with “Yi Zhou Book: Ke Yin”, and attached the words “King Wu bowed to the head again, saying: “King Wu was promoted to the top, and said: I will be promoted to the top, and I will be punished by the bright man.” The content attached to Smar’s job is of unknown origin and can be questioned.

Secondly, from Xibo’s reverent hearing of King Zhuang’s order to the Zhou Dynasty, accepting the Shang Dynasty, and then declaring the great destiny of governing the whole country, King Wen of Zhou has always been vigilant and unable to promptly declare that he had the great destiny of governing the whole country before the dream of Si. Sima said, in “Zhou Benzi”, he called King Wen as the “king of the king” and in “The Family of Qi”, he said, “Xibo gave of the order”. “Give the destiny” means to govern the whole country, or accept the order of the Shang Dynasty, and do not understand. Although its meaning is ambiguous, from Sima’s general understanding of King Wen’s order, he actually implies that after Yu Rui pacified the king, he would have won the destiny of governing the whole country. This is not suitable for the development of Zhou people’s mission to the people.

Thirdly, Sima described the fact that King Wen was given the order because of Yu Rui’s precepts, and also saw it in “The Family of Qi”: “Zhou Xibo Zhengping and Yu Rui’s precepts, and the poet named Xibo, was called King Wen.” According to this meaning, the “Penren” mentioned in “The Family of Qi” refers to the author of the poem “Zhi”, but the poem “Zhibo” does not say the sentence “Zhibo” that King Wen gave the order. King Wen gave the order to say that it was seen in the preface of “Pen Pian·Daya·Wen Wang” in “Pen Pian·Daya·Wen Wang”, which said, “King Wen gave the order to be Zhou”. Sima took the approach of stealing the beam and changing the pillars here, combining the two, forming the saying that King Wen gave him the order because of Yu Rui’s quality. The art of stealing the beam and changing the pilla